Turkmenistan > Climate Summary
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Туркменистан
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Climate Summary
Situated east of the Caspian Sea and Iran and covered predominantly by desert relief, Turkmenistan has a severe continental climate, with hot, dry summers and mild, dry winters. Most of the country exhibits great fluctuations in temperatures during the day and throughout the year. The average annual temperature ranges between 14–16 °C, though the temperature seldom falls below 35 °C during summer and rises to 50 °C in the shade in the southeast in Karakum, and as low as −33 °C in the winter in the south in Serhetabat.
Precipitation occurs mainly in the spring and mostly in the eastern mountain regions where it reaches 300-400 mm/year. By contrast, the vast desert areas in the northwest receive only about 80 mm/year.
Climate Projections
Climate models make the following projections for Turkmenistan's future climate:
- Mean annual temperature has increased by 1.4°С since the 1950's.
- Mean annual temperature is projected to increase by 2°С by 2040.
- The rate of temperature change will intensify after 2040. Calculations show the rise of temperature from 2-3°C to 6-7°C by 2100.
- The amount of precipitation during the past 50 years has slightly increased, particularly in spring months, with the lowest precipitation values being observed in summer.
- Mean annual precipitation is expected to decrease by 8-17% from 2040-2100.